Transforming Growth Factor-β Protects against Inflammation-Related Atherosclerosis in South African CKD Patients

Figure 1

Comparison of serum transforming growth factor-1 (a), 2 (b), and 3 (c) between patients with subclinical atherosclerosis and those without atherosclerosis. The boxes indicate median, 25th, and 75th percentile; whiskers represent data range; whisker caps indicate 5th and 95th percentile. Transforming growth factor-β1, β2, and β3 levels were analyzed with Bio-Plex Pro™ TGF-β Assays kit. Carotid intima media thickness was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Serum transforming growth factor-β1, β2, and β3 levels were compared between CKD patients and controls, P < 0.001 compared to controls.

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