High Incidence of Moderately Reduced Renal Function and Lead Bioaccumulation in Agricultural Workers in Assin South District, Ghana: A Community-Based Case-Control Study

Table 1

Demographic details of participants.

Parameter	Cases N (%)	Controls N (%)	value
Age (years)			0.0152
19–29	5 (6.0)	13 (21.3)
30–39	13 (15.7)	10 (16.4)
40–49	34 (41.0)	20 (32.8)
50–60	31 (37.3)	18 (29.5)
Gender			0.8787
Male	56 (67.5)	42 (68.9)
Female	27 (32.5)	19 (31.1)
Education			0.2233
Primary	12 (14.5)	14 (23.0)
Secondary	53 (63.9)	31 (50.8)
Tertiary	3 (3.6)	4 (6.6)
Vocational	7 (8.4)	4 (6.6)
No formal education	8 (9.6)	8 (13.1)
Smoking
No	80 (96.4)	59 (96.7)
Yes	3 (3.6)	2 (3.3)
Alcohol intake
No	50 (60.2)	37 (60.7)
Yes	33 (39.8)	24 (39.3)

Boldface indicates that significantly higher proportion of the controls belonged to the 19‐29 age group compared to the cases.