High Incidence of Moderately Reduced Renal Function and Lead Bioaccumulation in Agricultural Workers in Assin South District, Ghana: A Community-Based Case-Control Study
Table 3
Renal function of participants.
Parameter
Cases (N = 83)
Controls (N = 61)
value
Urea (mmol/L)
4.08 ± 0.13
3.41 ± 0.15
0.0009
Creatinine (μmol/L)
108.10 ± 2.25
101.10 ± 2.09
0.0286
BUN : CRE ratio
19.75 (7.92)
17.84 (7.04)
0.0212†
BUN : CRE ratio classification
0.0094
1–20
42 (51.2)
42 (68.9)
>20
40 (48.8)
19 (31.1)
eGFR classification
0.0106
G1 (≥90)
21 (25.3)
25 (41.0)
G2 (60–89)
47 (56.6)
32 (52.5)
G3a (45–59)
12 (14.5)
4 (6.6)
G3b (30–44)
3 (3.6)
0 (0.0)
Parameters with superscript “†” were compared using median as data were nonparametric; all other parameters were compared using mean (±SD) as data were parametric; BUN : CRE means blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine.
