Research Article
Hyponatraemia as a Predictor of Mortality in Medical Admissions in Ghana: A Comparative Study
Table 1
Comparison of patients with hyponatraemia and normonatraemia (n = 846).
| | Variable | All cases, N = 846 | Hyponatraemia, N = 406 | Controls, N = 440 | value |
| | Male gender, n (%) | 460 (54.4) | 217 (53.5) | 243 (55.2) | 0.604 | | Age (years), μ (SD) | 52.1 ± 18.8 | 51.5 ± 19.0 | 52.7 ± 18.6 | 0.340 | | Serum sodium (mmol/L), μ (SD) | 133.8 ± 7.6 | 128 ± 7.8 | 138.0 ± 5.0 | <0.001 | | Serum albumin (g/L), μ (SD | 33.9 ± 19.8 | 31.6 ± 16.5 | 36.1 ± 22.4 | <0.001 | | Serum protein (g/L), M (IQR) | 66.5 (58–75.6) | 64 (55.2–75.6) | 71 (63.3–78.8) | <0.001 | | Serum urea (mmol/L), M (IQR) | 5.8 (3.44–12.0) | 6.9 (3.9–15.8) | 5.2 (3.3–9.6) | <0.001 | | Serum creatinine (μmol/L), M (IQR) | 90 (61.1–170) | 95 (61–232.5) | 88 (62–144) | 0.091 | Medical diagnosis
Infections, n (%) | | | 177 (20.9) | 105 (25.9) | 72 (16.4) | 0.001 | | Malignancies, n (%) | 22 (2.6) | 11 (2.7) | 11 (2.5) | 0.848 | | Heart failure, n (%) | 109 (12.9) | 33 (8.1) | 76 (17.3) | <0.001 | | Cranial pathologies, n (%) | 154 (18.2) | 23 (5.7) | 131 (29.8) | <0.001 | | Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 96 (11.4) | 66 (16.3) | 30 (6.8) | <0.001 | | Hyperglycaemia, n (%) | 98 (11.6) | 68 (16.8) | 30 (6.8) | <0.001 | | Liver disease, n (%) | 116 (13.7) | 69 (17.0) | 47 (10.7) | 0.008 | | Alcoholism, n (%) | 27 (3.2) | 16 (3.9) | 14 (3.18) | 0.551 | | Mortality, n (%) | 227 (26.9%) | 129 (31.8) | 98 (22.3) | 0.002 | | Duration of hospital stay (days), M (IQR) | 6 (3–10) | 7 (4–10) | 6 (3–10) | 0.090 |
|
|
n, number; μ, mean; SD, standard deviation; M, median; IQR, interquartile range; mmol, millimole; L, litre; g, grams; μmol/L, micromole per litre.
|
