A Comparison of Urine Dilution Ability between Adult Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease, Other Chronic Kidney Diseases, and Healthy Control Subjects: A Case-Control Study

Table 5

Hemodynamics during the urine dilution test in patients with adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), patients with non-ADPKD kidney disease (non-ADPKD), and healthy control subjects (controls).

		Baseline; Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Period 5	Period 6	Period 7
Systolic bBP (mm Hg)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	128.5 ± 11.3; 124.9 ± 14.0; 114.7 ± 12.7	141.0 ± 13.4; 138.5 ± 15.5; 126.1 ± 14.9	133.0 ± 11.8; 131.4 ± 14.1; 121.4 ± 13.2	128.9 ± 10.1; 129.2 ± 11.4; 121.7 ± 14.3	128.5 ± 11.0; 129.2 ± 11.7; 119.5 ± 13.6	132.1 ± 13.9; 133.0 ± 12.4; 121.7 ± 15.5
Comparison within groups		0,562
Comparison between groups		<0.001
Diastolic bBP (mm Hg)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	83.0 ± 8.3; 78.7 ± 8.3; 74.4 ± 9.6	90.2 ± 10.3; 87.1 ± 7.5; 81.7 ± 11.7	86.1 ± 10.6; 82.2 ± 7.4; 77.8 ± 10.7	83.4 ± 8.3; 79.5 ± 6.3; 76.7 ± 11.0	82.1 ± 7.8; 79.5 ± 8.4; 75.8 ± 10.5	83.6 ± 8.7; 80.7 ± 7.1; 76.3 ± 11.7
Comparison within groups		0.306
Comparison between groups		<0.001
MAP (mm Hg)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	103.9 ± 8.8; 99.9 ± 10.3; 92.8 ± 10.7	113.4 ± 10.5; 110.6 ± 10.3; 102.8 ± 12.8	107.5 ± 10.0; 104.7 ± 9.7; 96.9 ± 11.1	104.3 ± 8.2; 102.2 ± 7.8; 97.4 ± 12.1	103.3 ± 8.6; 102.2 ± 9.4; 95.8 ± 11.4	105.8 ± 9.7; 104.7 ± 8.9; 97.2 ± 12.9
Comparison within groups		0.347
Comparison between groups		<0.001
HR (beats/min)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	60.3 ± 9.5; 58.5 ± 8.2; 56.8 ± 7.4	60.4 ± 9.5; 56.0 ± 6.5; 54.8 ± 7.3	61.2 ± 10.1; 57.7 ± 6.4; 55.9 ± 7.4	62.1 ± 9.9; 59.0 ± 7.5; 56.6 ± 6.9	61.3 ± 10.2; 60.4 ± 7.3; 58.8 ± 6.7	62.2 ± 9.0; 62.2 ± 7.5; 59.5 ± 6.9
Comparison within groups		0.671
Comparison between groups		0.417
Systolic cBP (mm Hg)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	119.6 ± 13.4; 114.6 ± 13.2; 106.9 ± 12.6	131.3 ± 15.1; 124.0 ± 12.5; 117.8 ± 13.3	122.7 ± 13.0; 119.2 ± 11.2; 113.4 ± 13.0	120.0 ± 9.9; 17.8 ± 9.7; 114.4 ± 14.5	119.2 ± 12.8; 117.3 ± 11.5; 112.6 ± 13.8	122.7 ± 14.2; 122.3 ± 10.5; 115.2 ± 15.7
Comparison within groups		0.730
Comparison between groups		<0.001
Diastolic cBP (mm Hg)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	83.7 ± 8.1; 79.2 ± 8.9; 75.2 ± 9.7	91.7 ± 9.8; 87.8 ± 7.4; 82.3 ± 12.1	87.1 ± 10.1; 82.6 ± 7.5; 78.7 ± 10.9	84.4 ± 8.8; 80.2 ± 6.0; 77.2 ± 11.2	83.3 ± 7.9; 80.2 ± 8.6; 76.5 ± 10.5	84.5 ± 8.6; 82.1 ± 7.5; 77.3 ± 12.0
Comparison within groups		0.770
Comparison between groups		<0.001
AIx (%)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	31.9 ± 9.8; 32.7 ± 17.8; 30.1 ± 13.0	33.7 ± 10.9; 33.2 ± 13.7; 31.0 ± 14.2	30.5 ± 13.5; 31.1 ± 14.6; 31.0 ± 13.5	30.1 ± 15.6; 30.9 ± 15.5; 29.7 ± 14.0	30.9 ± 14.1; 30.3 ± 15.6; 27.8 ± 13.3	30.4 ± 15.3; 28.6 ± 14.9; 25.9 ± 14.4
Comparison within groups		0.212
Comparison between groups		0.013
PWV (m/s)	ADPKD; Non-ADPKD; Controls	8.0 ± 1.7; 8.2 ± 2.2; 7.8 ± 1.8	8.4 ± 1.9; 8.5 ± 2.2; 8.1 ± 1.7	8.2 ± 1.8; 8.2 ± 2.1; 8.0 ± 1.7	8.1 ± 1.8; 8.3 ± 2.0; 8.0 ± 1.7	8.1 ± 1.8; 8.2 ± 2.0; 7.9 ± 1.7	8.2 ± 1.8; 8.4 ± 2.1; 8.0 ± 1.9
Comparison within groups		0.852
Comparison between groups		0.100

An oral water load of 20 ml/body weight was given immediately after period 2. Urine was collected in seven periods. Period 1 (24 hours): from 07.30 AM the day before arrival to the laboratory to 07.30 AM on the examination day. Period 2 (one hour): 07.30–08.30 AM. Period 3 (one hour): 08.30–09.30 AM. Period 4 (one hour): 09.30–11.30 AM. Period 5 (one hour): 10.30–11.30 AM. Period 6 (one hour): 11.30–00.30 PM. Period 7 (on hour): 00.30–01.30 PM. A general linear model with Greenhouse-Geisser correction was used for comparison within and between the three groups. Values represent mean ± SD or median with 25% and 75% percentiles in brackets ∗ between ADPKD or non-ADPKD patients and healthy controls. # between ADPKD and non-ADPKD patients. bBP = brachial blood pressure, MAP = mean arterial pressure, HR = heart rate, cBP = central blood pressure, AIx = augmentation index, PWV = pulse wave velocity.