Autophagy and mTOR Pathways Mediate the Potential Renoprotective Effects of Vitamin D on Diabetic Nephropathy

Figure 7

H&E stained sections of rats’ kidneys in all studied group. (a) Section of DN group showed moderate hypercellular glomeruli (black arrow heads) and extensive tubular degenerative changes (blue arrow heads). Inset: high power view demonstrating mesangial proliferation (blue circle) and chronic inflammatory cellular infiltrates (red circle). (b) DN + vit D group showed mild cellular glomeruli (black arrow heads) and tubules exhibits regeneration (blue arrow heads). Inset: high power view. (c) Section of DN + Insulin group showed normocellular glomeruli (black arrow heads) and normal tubules. Inset: high power view. (d) Section of DN + insulin + vit D group showed normocellular glomeruli (black arrow heads) and normal tubules (blue arrow heads). Inset: high power view (H&E, 100x). Inset: 400x for all a, b, c, and d.