COVID-19 Infection Clinical Profile, Management, Outcome, and Antibody Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Single Centre Experience
Table 1
Characteristics, comorbidities, and symptoms of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19.
Category
Parameter
Total (N = 67), n (%)
Survivor N = 49 (% distribution in the group)
Nonsurvivors N = 18 (% distribution in the group)
Odds ratio (95% CI)
-value
Gender
Male
50 (74.6)
37 (75.5)
13 (72.2)
0.84 (0.25–2.86)
0.784
Female
17 (25.3)
12 (24.5)
5 (27.8)
1.0 (ref)
Blood group
O
22 (32.8)
19 (38.8)
3 (16.7)
1.0 (ref)
A
19 (28.4)
10 (20.4)
9 (50.0)
5.70 (1.25–25.92)
0.024
B
22 (32.8)
17 (34.7)
5 (27.8)
1.86 (0.39–8.99)
0.439
AB
4 (6.0)
03 (6.1)
1 (5.6)
2.11 (0.16–27.58)
0.569
Body mass index (kg/m2)
<18.5
18 (26.9)
14 (28.6)
4 (22.4)
1.00 (ref)
18.5–22.9
28 (41.8)
22 (44.9)
6 (33.3)
0.96 (0.23–4.0)
0.949
23.0–24.9
06 (09.0)
02 (04.1)
4 (22.4)
7.0 (0.92–53.23)
0.060
≥25
15 (22.4)
11 (22.4)
4 (22.4)
1.27 (0.26–6.27)
0.767
Pre-existing comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
34 (50.7)
23 (46.9)
11 (61.1)
1.78 (0.59–5.34)
0.304
Hypertension (HTN)
61 (91.0)
43 (87.8)
18 (100)
—
0.181$
Chronic liver disease (CLD)
4 (6.0)
2 (4.1)
2 (11.1)
2.937 (0.38–22.60)
0.301
Chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD)
8 (11.9)
6 (12.2)
2 (11.1)
0.896 (0.164–4.90)
0.899
Vascular disease (CAD/PVD)
17 (25.6)
9 (18.4)
8 (44.4)
3.56 (1.10–11.55)
0.035
Chronic allograft dysfunction
21 (31.3)
14 (28.6)
7 (38.9)
1.59 (0.51–4.94)
0.422
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
5 (7.5)
3 (6.1)
2 (11.1)
1.92 (0.29–12.53)
0.497
Acquired comorbidities
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) activation
3 (4.5)
0 (0.0)
3 (16.7)
—
0.017$
Anti-fungal treatment#
18 (29.9)
4 (12.2)
14 (77.8)
39.8 (8.70–178.3)
<0.001
Blood culture, +ve##
5 (7.5)
0
5 (27.8)
—
0.001$
Urine culture, +ve##
4 (6.0)
0
4 (22.2)
—
0.004$
Baseline immunosuppression
CNI (Tac/CyA)
66 (98.5)
48 (97.9)
18 (100)
—
1.00$
MMF/MPA
66 (98.5)
48 (97.9)
18 (100)
—
1.00$
Steroids
67 (100)
49 (100)
18 (100)
—
—
Type of organ
Living donor
65 (97)
48 (97.9)
17 (94.4)
0.35 (0.02–5.98)
0.467$
Cadaver donor
2 (3.0)
1 (2.0)
1 (5.6)
2.82 (0.17–47.68)
0.472
Asymptomatic
4 (6.0)
4 (8.2)
0 (0.0)
—
0.567$
Fever
59 (88.1)
43 (87.8)
16 (88.9)
1.12 (0.20–6.11)
0.899
Cough
47 (70.1)
36 (73.5)
11 (61.1)
0.57 (0.18–1.78)
0.330
Sore throat
18 (26.9)
11 (22.4)
7 (38.9)
2.20 (0.69–7.02)
0.184
Body aches
25 (37.3)
18 (36.7)
7 (38.9)
1.10 (0.36–3.33)
0.872
Symptoms
Breathing difficulty
26 (38.8)
14 (28.6)
12 (66.7)
5.00 (1.57–15.94)
<0.001
Loss of smell
4 (6.0)
4 (8.2)
0 (0.0)
—
0.567$
Distaste
9 (13.4)
9 (18.4)
0 (0.0)
—
0.099$
Headache
2 (3.0)
1 (2.0)
1 (5.6)
2.82 (0.17–47.68)
0.472
Loose motions
5 (7.5)
3 (6.1)
2 (11.1)
1.92 (0.29–12.53)
0.497
Extremes weakness
8 (11.9)
5 (10.2)
3 (16.7)
1.76 (0.38–8.27)
0.474
Altered sensorium
3 (4.5)
0 (0.0)
3 (16.7)
—
0.017$
Odds ratio could not be computed due to zero count; $Fisher’s exact test; CAD/PVD, coronary artery disease/peripheral vascular disease; #anti-fungal treatment when infection documented by positive urine or blood culture or suspected radiologically during active COVID-19 disease hospitalization or used in terminally sicker patients as empirical therapy; and ##bacterial culture positivity (blood or urine).
