Metabolic Reprogramming in Kidney Diseases: Evidence and Therapeutic Opportunities

Table 1

Metabolic adaptations in various cell types of different kidney diseases.

Disease	Cell type	Metabolic adaptations	References
ADPKD	Epithelial cells	Glycolysis	[3]
		PPP	[4]
		Glutamine uptake	[5, 6]
		FAO	[7–9]
AKI	TEC	Glycolysis	[11]
		OXPHOS	[13, 14, 17]
		FAO	[18]
CKD	Fibroblasts	Glycolysis	[22]
		Glutamine metabolism	[24]
	TEC	FAO	[26, 27]
		OXPHOS	[28]
DKD	Podocytes	Glycolysis	[37]
	TEC	Glycolysis	[38]
NS, AAV	Monocytes/macrophages	PPP	[41]
SLE	Lymphocytes	PPP	[44]

FAO, fatty acid oxidation; TEC, tubular epithelial cells; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; PPP, pentose phosphate pathway; NS, nephrotic syndrome; AAV, ANCA-associated vasculitis.