Review Article
Impact of National Economy and Policies on End-Stage Kidney Care in South Asia and Southeast Asia
Table 3
Country-wise RRT cost and healthcare expenditure per capita in SA and SEA.
| | Countries | National population (millions) | Total national health expenditure (% of GDP) | PCI (USD) | Current healthcare expenditure per capita (USD) | Current healthcare expenditure per capita/PPP (USD) | % distribution of RRT options | Monthly cost (USD) | | PD (%) | HD (%) | KT (%) | CS (%) | HD/PD |
| | Singapore | 5.64 | 4.9 | 56,957 | 2618.71 | 4269.96 | 10.1 | 71.6 | 18.3 | 0 | 2000/1050 | | Brunei | 0.43 | 2.6 | 83,250 | 671.40 | 1874.95 | 10 | 86 | 4 | 0 | 2000/2500 | | Hong Kong | 7.45 | 5.5 | 32,927 | 440.83 | 841.11 | 46 | 15 | 39 | 0 | DNA/DNA | | Taiwan | 23.73 | 6.3 | 23,330 | NA | NA | 8.8 | 87.1 | 4.1 | <1 | 1550/1443 | | Malaysia | 31.53 | 4.21 | 11,521.45 | 348.07 | 1138.96 | 9.5 | 85.7 | 4.7 | 0 | 867/815 | | Thailand | 69.43 | 4.1 | 5,960 | 247.04 | 670.88 | 30 | 60 | 10 | 0 | 800/700 | | Sri Lanka | 21.67 | 3.5 | 11,970 | 159.48 | 503.50 | 7 | 62 | 21 | 10 | 300/375 | | Indonesia | 267.66 | 3 | 3,605 | 114.97 | 367.94 | 3 | 94 | 3 | 0 | 580/500 | | Philippines | 106.65 | 4.5 | 2989 | 132.90 | 371.74 | 3.4 | 94.1 | 2.5 | 0 | 704/706 | | India | 1352.62 | 4 | 2,134 | 69.29 | 253.32 | 0.5 | 67.3 | 5 | 27.2 | 350/500 | | Vietnam | 95.54 | 7.07 | 1770.3 | 129.58 | 375.64 | 10 | 40 | 10 | 40 | 600/600 | | Myanmar | 53.71 | 5.9 | 1,299 | 58.04 | 287.64 | 2 | 36 | 0.8 | 61.2 | 280/385 | | Pakistan | 212.22 | 2.8 | 1547.9 | 44.59 | 160.56 | 0.5 | 10 | 5 | 84.5 | 400/310 | | Bangladesh | 161.36 | 3.5 | 1,650 | 36.28 | 94.38 | 5 | 70 | 5 | 20 | 500/425 | | Nepal | 28.09 | 5.8 | 681 | 47.92 | 150.07 | 5 | 95 | 0 | 0 | 250/300 |
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RRT, kidney replacement therapy; WBR, World Bank Ranking; GDP, gross domestic product; USD, US dollars; PCI, per capita income; PD, peritoneal dialysis; HD, hemodialysis; KT, kidney transplant; CS, conservative; DNA, data not available.
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