Research Article
Abnormal Obesity Phenotype Is Associated with Reduced eGFR among Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Patients in a Peri-Urban Community in Ghana
Table 1
Prevalence and distribution of the various sociodemographic parameters among the study participants stratified by obesity phenotypes.
| | Parameters | MHNO | MHO | MANO | MAO | Total | | (N = 95) | (N = 14) | (N = 164) | (N = 37) | (N = 310) |
| | Age (years) | | ≤50 | 17 (17.89) | 5 (35.71) | 34 (20.73) | 8 (21.62) | 64 (20.64) | | 51–70 | 53 (55.79) | 8 (57.14) | 91 (55.49) | 21 (56.75) | 173 (55.81) | | >70 | 25 (26.32) | 1 (7.14) | 39 (23.78) | 8 (21.62) | 73 (23.55) | | Gender | | Male | 22 (23.16) | 2 (14.29) | 37 (22.56) | 5 (13.51) | 66 (21.29) | | Female | 73 (76.84) | 12 (85.71) | 127 (77.44) | 32 (86.49) | 244 (78.71) | | Marital status | | Married | 55 (57.89) | 9 (64.29) | 95 (57.93) | 20 (54.05) | 179 (57.74) | | Single | 3 (3.16) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.61) | 1 (2.70) | 5 (1.61) | | Divorced | 10 (19.53) | 3 (21.42) | 20 (12.20) | 3 (8.11) | 36 (11.61) | | Widowed | 27 (28.42) | 2 (14.28) | 48 (29.27) | 13 (35.14) | 90 (29.03) | | Educational status | | None | 46 (48.42) | 2 (14.29) | 75 (45.73) | 17 (45.95) | 140 (45.16) | | Primary | 40 (42.11) | 12 (85.71) | 75 (45.73) | 19 (51.35) | 146 (47.10) | | Secondary | 2 (2.22) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (0.61) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (1.61) | | Tertiary | 7 (7.37) | 0 (0.00) | 11 (6.71) | 1 (2.70) | 19 (6.13) | | Occupation | | Formal | 6 (6.32) | 13 (92.86) | 10 (6.10) | 1 (2.70) | 30 (9.68) | | Informal | 74 (77.89) | 0 (79.41) | 122 (74.39) | 31 (83.78) | 227 (73.23) | | Retired | 6 (6.32) | 0 (0.00) | 8 (4.87) | 0 (0.00) | 14 (4.52) | | Unemployed | 9 (9.47) | 1 (7.14) | 24 (14.63) | 5 (13.51) | 39 (12.58) | | Religion | | Christianity | 92 (96.84) | 12 (94.12) | 152 (92.68) | 33 (89.19) | 289 (93.23) | | Muslim | 2 (2.11) | 2 (5.88) | 12 (7.31) | 4 (10.81) | 20 (6.45) | | None | 1 (1.05) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (1.12) | 1 (0.32) | | Disease type | | T2DM | 14 (14.74) | 4 (28.57) | 20 (12.20) | 1 (2.70) | 39 (12.58) | | HPT | 51 (53.68) | 3 (21.43) | 74 (45.12) | 20 (12.20) | 148 (47.74) | | T2DM + HPT | 30 (31.57) | 7 (50.00) | 70 (42.68) | 16 (9.76) | 123 (39.68) | | Family history | | Yes | 67 (70.72) | 12 (85.71) | 107 (65.24) | 21 (56.76) | 207 (66.77) | | No | 24 (25.26) | 2 (14.29) | 50 (46.72) | 12 (32.43) | 88 (28.39) | | Unknown | 4 (4.21) | 0 (0.00) | 7 (6.54) | 4 (10.81) | 15 (4.84) | | Smoking | | Yes | 1 (1.05) | 1 (7.14) | 7 (4.26) | 2 (5.41) | 11 (3.55) | | No | 94 (98.95) | 13 (92.86) | 157 (95.73) | 35 (94.59) | 299 (96.45) | | Alcohol | | Yes | 4 (4.21) | 0 (0.00) | 12 (7.32) | 3 (8.10) | 19 (6.12) | | No | 91 (95.79) | 14 (100.00) | 152 (92.68) | 34 (91.89) | 291 (93.87) |
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