Comparison of Two Waves of COVID-19 in Critically Ill Patients: A Retrospective Observational Study

Table 4

Comparison of risk factors for AKI.

Covariate	Overall		First wave		Second wave
	Adj. HR (95% CI)	-value	Adj. HR (95% CI)	-value	Adj. HR (95% CI)	-value
Patient characteristics
Age
<40 years	Reference		Reference		Reference
40–70 years	2.2 (1.1–4.4)	0.02	2.4 (0.95–6.1)	0.07	1.3 (0.47–3.7)	0.61
>70 years	3.1 (1.54–6.05)	<0.01	2.9 (1.14–7.54)	0.03	2.2 (0.78–6.17)	0.14
Female sex	0.9 (0.71–1.16)	0.43	0.8 (0.59–1.12)	0.21	1 (0.7–1.52)	0.89
Past medical history
Chronic kidney disease	2.3 (1.67–3.2)	<0.01	2 (1.28–3.2)	<0.01	2.6 (1.62–4.24)	<0.01
Diabetes	1.2 (0.95–1.55)	0.13	1.4 (1.02–1.95)	0.04	1 (0.65–1.41)	0.83
Hypertension	1.2 (0.87–1.54)	0.33	1.1 (0.73–1.61)	0.68	1.2 (0.77–1.85)	0.44
Cardiovascular disease	1.1 (0.85–1.44)	0.44	1.1 (0.78–1.59)	0.55	1.3 (0.83–1.88)	0.29
Treatment
Remdesivir	0.7 (0.48–0.88)	0.01	0.5 (0.3–0.74)	<0.01	0.9 (0.52–1.43)	0.57
Dexamethasone	0.9 (0.68–1.25)	0.61	0.5 (0.18–1.43)	0.2	1.3 (0.63–2.72)	0.48