Knowledge and Risk Perceptions of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors among Women of Childbearing Age in Lagos State, Nigeria: From a Health Demography Approach

Table 2

Bivariate analysis of respondents’ knowledge of KD and chronic kidney disease risk factors by location (N = 825).

General questions	Urban, n (%), n = 624	Semiurban, n (%), n = 201	χ^2
Have you heard about kidney disease?
Yes	409 (65.5%)	135 (67.2%)	3.430	0.02
No	215 (34.5%)	66 (32.8%)
Questions	Urban, n (%), n = 409	Semiurban, n (%), n = 135	χ^2
Where is the kidney located?
Close to the spine	74 (18.1%)	39 (28.9%)	8.393	0.14
Close to the abdominal cavity	56 (13.7%)	19 (14.1%)
Close to the liver	120 (29.3%)	32 (23.7%)
I do not know	159 (38.9%)	45 (33.3%)
What are the types of kidney disease?
Acute (AKD)	31 (7.6%)	12 (8.9%)	28.381	0.00
Chronic (CKD)	98 (23.9%)	37 (27.4%)
Both acute and chronic	280 (68.5%)	86 (63.7%)
Which of the genders are more susceptible to CKD?
Male	272 (66.5%)	74 (54.8%)	10.997	0.01
Female	85 (20.8%)	36 (26.7%)
Both male and female	52 (12.7%)	25 (18.5%)
Independent risk factors of CKD
Misuse of analgesics (NSAIDs) (NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and Tylenol (acetaminophen, Tempra, Panadol, or paracetamol))
Yes	92 (22.5%)	16 (11.9%)	8.027	0.02
No	02 (0.5%)	00 (0.0%)
Herbal drinks
Yes	153 (37.4%)	54 (40.0%)	0.289	0.05
No	256 (62.6%)	81 (60.0%)
Herbal supplements
Yes	97 (23.7%)	47 (34.8%)	6.423	0.01
No	312 (76.3%)	88 (65.2%)
Dependent risk factors of CKD
Diabetes
Yes	31 (7.6%)	08 (5.9%)	0.417	0.518
No	378 (92.4%)	127 (94.1%)
Hypertension
Yes	37 (9.0%)	19 (14.1%)	2.778	0.02
No	372 (91.0%)	116 (85.9%)
Family history of CKD ailments
Yes	33 (8.1%)	11 (8.1%)	2.447	0.04
No	376 (91.9%)	124 (91.9%)
High cholesterol
Yes	05 (1.2%)	00 (0.0%)	1.666	0.197
No	404 (98.8%)	135 (100.0%)
Cigarette smokers
Yes	03 (0.7%)	02 (1.5%)	1.675	0.642
No	406 (99.3%)	133 (98.5%)
Signs and symptoms of CKD ailments
Bloody and frothy urine
Yes	200 (48.9%)	50 (37.0%)	2.163	0.02
No	209 (51.1%)	85 (63.0%)
Body swelling
Yes	24 (5.9%)	36 (26.7%)	6.123	0.345
No	385 (94.1%)	99 (73.3%)
Loss of appetite
Yes	45 (11.0%)	28 (20.7%)	2.416	0.072
No	364 (89.0%)	107 (79.3%)

Source: fieldwork, 2019; , significant. Data are expressed as number, percentage, and chi-square.