Knowledge and Risk Perceptions of Chronic Kidney Disease Risk Factors among Women of Childbearing Age in Lagos State, Nigeria: From a Health Demography Approach
Table 2
Bivariate analysis of respondents’ knowledge of KD and chronic kidney disease risk factors by location (N= 825).
General questions
Urban, n (%), n = 624
Semiurban, n (%), n = 201
χ2
Have you heard about kidney disease?
Yes
409 (65.5%)
135 (67.2%)
3.430
0.02
No
215 (34.5%)
66 (32.8%)
Questions
Urban, n (%), n = 409
Semiurban, n (%), n = 135
χ2
Where is the kidney located?
Close to the spine
74 (18.1%)
39 (28.9%)
8.393
0.14
Close to the abdominal cavity
56 (13.7%)
19 (14.1%)
Close to the liver
120 (29.3%)
32 (23.7%)
I do not know
159 (38.9%)
45 (33.3%)
What are the types of kidney disease?
Acute (AKD)
31 (7.6%)
12 (8.9%)
28.381
0.00
Chronic (CKD)
98 (23.9%)
37 (27.4%)
Both acute and chronic
280 (68.5%)
86 (63.7%)
Which of the genders are more susceptible to CKD?
Male
272 (66.5%)
74 (54.8%)
10.997
0.01
Female
85 (20.8%)
36 (26.7%)
Both male and female
52 (12.7%)
25 (18.5%)
Independent risk factors of CKD
Misuse of analgesics (NSAIDs) (NSAIDs are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to reduce inflammation and relieve pain such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and Tylenol (acetaminophen, Tempra, Panadol, or paracetamol))
Yes
92 (22.5%)
16 (11.9%)
8.027
0.02
No
02 (0.5%)
00 (0.0%)
Herbal drinks
Yes
153 (37.4%)
54 (40.0%)
0.289
0.05
No
256 (62.6%)
81 (60.0%)
Herbal supplements
Yes
97 (23.7%)
47 (34.8%)
6.423
0.01
No
312 (76.3%)
88 (65.2%)
Dependent risk factors of CKD
Diabetes
Yes
31 (7.6%)
08 (5.9%)
0.417
0.518
No
378 (92.4%)
127 (94.1%)
Hypertension
Yes
37 (9.0%)
19 (14.1%)
2.778
0.02
No
372 (91.0%)
116 (85.9%)
Family history of CKD ailments
Yes
33 (8.1%)
11 (8.1%)
2.447
0.04
No
376 (91.9%)
124 (91.9%)
High cholesterol
Yes
05 (1.2%)
00 (0.0%)
1.666
0.197
No
404 (98.8%)
135 (100.0%)
Cigarette smokers
Yes
03 (0.7%)
02 (1.5%)
1.675
0.642
No
406 (99.3%)
133 (98.5%)
Signs and symptoms of CKD ailments
Bloody and frothy urine
Yes
200 (48.9%)
50 (37.0%)
2.163
0.02
No
209 (51.1%)
85 (63.0%)
Body swelling
Yes
24 (5.9%)
36 (26.7%)
6.123
0.345
No
385 (94.1%)
99 (73.3%)
Loss of appetite
Yes
45 (11.0%)
28 (20.7%)
2.416
0.072
No
364 (89.0%)
107 (79.3%)
Source: fieldwork, 2019; , significant. Data are expressed as number, percentage, and chi-square.