Longitudinal Changes of Serum Creatine Kinase and Acute Kidney Injury among Patients with Severe COVID-19
Table 2
Clinical characteristics stratified by serum CK trajectories.
Rising CK n = 114 (8%)
Stable CK n = 1180 (76%)
Fluctuating CK n = 257 (16%)
Age, years
50 ± 12
53 ± 14
50 ± 13
0.21
Male sex, n(%)
88 (77)
660 (55)
201 (78)
<0.001
Time since symptoms onset, days
8 (5–11)
8 (6–11)
8 (6–10)
0.89
DM, n(%)
24 (21)
303 (26)
53 (21)
0.15
HTN, n(%)
29 (25)
284 (24)
53 (21)
0.45
Obesity, n(%)
50 (44)
461 (39)
122 (47)
0.04
BMI, kg/m2
29.8 (27.5–32.5)
28.7 (25.8–32.3)
29.5 (27.1–33.0)
0.007
Baseline PaO2/FiO2
135 (85–164)
231 (152–288)
166 (104–256)
<0.001
Baseline creatinine, mg/dL
0.8 ± 0.2
0.8 ± 0.2
0.8 ± 0.2
1.00
Baseline Hb, g/dL
16.2 (14.4–17.0)
15.3 (14.2–16.4)
15.6 (14.6–16.4)
0.021
Leucocytes, cells/mcl
11.8 (7.6–15.0)
8.0 (5.9–11.4)
9.5 (6.4–12.8)
<0.001
Baseline LDH, IU/L (IQR)
488 (380–648)
309 (245–398)
410 (306–538)
<0.001
Baseline C-reactive protein, mg/dl
19 (12–26)
13 (7–20)
15 (9–22)
<0.001
Baseline ferritin, mg/dl
800 (337–1268)
489 (245–847)
669 (333–1164)
<0.001
Baseline Hs-cTnI, pg/mL
7.9 (4.4–21.9)
4.5 (3.0–7.4)
5.7 (3.7–9.2)
<0.001
Baseline fibrinogen, mg/dl
731 (586–897)
652 (482–770)
668 (524–802)
0.004
Baseline D-dimer, ng/dl
966 (523–1825)
733 (474–1150)
781 (517–1620)
<0.001
HA-AKI, n(%)
24 (21)
84 (7)
18 (7)
<0.001
HA-AKI stage
Stage 3, n(%)
21 (18)
14 (2)
2 (1)
<0.001
Hemodialysis requirement, n(%)
7 (6)
7 (1)
0 (0)
<0.001
Urine with hemoglobin + &<5 RBC (AKI onset)
2 (2)
6 (0.5)
3 (1)
0.98
Urine with hemoglobin + &<5 RBC (48 h after AKI)
1 (0.8)
5 (0.4)
0 (0)
0.98
HA-AKI evolution
Persistent AKI
10 (9)
27 (2)
3 (1)
<0.001
Rapid reversal AKI
2 (2)
29 (3)
9 (4)
0.54
Recovery AKI
12 (11)
28 (2)
6 (2)
<0,001
≥1 CK measurements ≥5000 IU/L, n(%)
20 (18)
0
0
<0.001
Mechanical ventilation, n(%)
110 (96)
210 (18)
109 (42)
<0.001
Death, n (%)
59 (52)
114 (10)
60 (23)
<0.001
value shows a comparison between groups. Quantitative data are presented as median (interquartile range). BMI, body mass index; CK, creatine phosphokinase; HA-AKI, hospital-acquired acute kidney injury; HTN, hypertension; Hs-cTnI, high-sensitive cardiac troponin I; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; DM, diabetes mellitus; RBC, red blood cell. Obesity is defined as having a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2.
