A Comprehensive Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 during Wave 1 versus Wave 2 at a Tertiary Care Center, India
Table 1
Demographics, comorbidities, and baseline kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) characteristics at the time of diagnosis of COVID-19 in two waves of disease.
Characteristic
Classification
Total (n = 156)
Wave 1 (n = 72)
Wave 2 (n = 84)
p value
Demographics
Age (years) (Mean ± SD)
49.47 ± 13.06
51.15 ± 13.0
48.04 ± 13.01
0.138
Height (meter) (Mean ± SD)
1.67 ± 0.09
1.67 ± 0.08
1.67 ± 0.09
0.661
Weight (kg) (Mean ± SD)
68.9 ± 14.99
70.66 ± 15.08
67.37 ± 14.83
0.127
Body Mass Index (kg/m2) (Mean ± SD)
24.67 ± 5.00
25.34 ± 5.27
24.09 ± 4.70
0.121
Gender, n (%)
Male
120 (76.9)
55 (76.4)
65 (77.4)
0.883
Female
36 (23.1)
17 (23.6)
19 (22.6)
Blood group, n (%)
O
36 (23.1)
22 (30.1)
14 (16.7)
0.032
A
36 (23.1)
20 (27.4)
16 (19.0)
B
66 (42.3)
25 (34.7)
41 (48.8)
AB
18 (11.5)
5 (6.8)
13 (15.7)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Preexisting comorbidities
Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
86 (55.1)
37 (51.4)
49 (58.3)
0.385
Hypertension (HTN)
140 (89.7)
65 (90.3)
75 (89.3)
0.839
Chronic liver disease (CLD)
10 (6.4)
4 (5.6)
6 (7.1)
0.687
Chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD)
13 (8.3)
8 (11.1)
5 (6.0)
0.245
Vascular disease (CAD/PVD)
37 (23.7)
19 (26.4)
18 (21.4)
0.468
Chronic allograft dysfunction
41 (26.3)
21 (29.2)
20 (23.8)
0.449
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
7 (4.5)
4 (5.6)
3 (3.6)
0.703$
Acquired comorbidities
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Activation
5 (3.2)
3 (4.2)
2 (2.4)
0.663$
Mucormycosis
4 (2.6)
1 (1.4)
3 (3.6)
0.625$
Fungal Culture Positivity#
9 (5.8)
1 (1.4)
8 (9.5)
0.039$
Bacterial Blood Culture Positive
10 (6.4)
5 (6.9)
5 (6.0)
1.00$
Bacterial Urine Culture Positive
5 (3.2)
4 (5.6)
1 (1.2)
0.182$
KTRs baseline clinical characteristics
Transplant duration (weeks) median [25th-75th percentile]
282 [123.6–425.9]
275.3 [131.8–406.4]
297 [116.7–462.4]
0.710
Baseline immunosuppression n (%)
CNI (Tac/CyA)
154 (98.7)
71 (98.6)
83 (98.9)
1.000$
MMF/MPA
153 (98.1)
70 (97.2)
83 (98.9)
1.000$
Steroids
156 (100)
72 (100)
84 (100)
1.000$
$: Fisher’s exact test. CAD/PVD: Coronary Artery Disease/Peripheral Vascular Disease; CNI: calcineurin inhibitors; MMF: Mycophenolate Mofetil; Tac: Tacrolimus; CyA: cyclosporine A. #Fungal Culture Positivity-when fungal infection was documented by positive urine or blood or body fluid culture.
