A Comprehensive Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 during Wave 1 versus Wave 2 at a Tertiary Care Center, India
Table 4
Comparison between survivors and nonsurvivors.
Variable
Total (n = 156) n (%)
Survivor (n = 113) n (%)
Nonsurvivors (n = 43) n (%)
Odds ratio (95% CI)
p value
Gender
Male
120 (76.9)
86 (76.1)
34 (79.1)
1.19 [0.50 to 2.79]
0.695
Female
36 (23.1)
27 (23.9)
13 (30.2)
1.0
Blood group
O
36 (23.1)
27 (23.9)
9 (20.9)
1.0
A
36 (23.1)
22 (19.5)
14 (32.6)
1.91 [0.70–5.24]
0.209
B
66 (42.3)
48 (42.5)
18 (41.9)
0.38 [0.07–1.96]
0.245
AB
18 (11.5)
16 (14.2)
2 (4.7)
1.13 [0.44–2.85]
0.804
Preexisting comorbidities
Diabetes mellitus (DM)
86 (55.1)
58 (51.3)
28 (65.1)
1.77 [0.86–3.66]
0.124
Hypertension (HTN)
140 (89.7)
98 (86.7)
42 (97.7)
6.43 [0.82–50.25]
0.076
Chronic liver disease (CLD)
10 (6.4)
7 (6.2)
3 (7.0)
1.14 [0.28–4.61]
1.00
Chronic obstructive airways disease (COAD)
13 (8.3)
9 (8.0)
4 (9.3)
1.18 [0.35–4.07]
0.754
Vascular disease (CAD/PVD@)
37 (23.7)
20 (17.7)
17 (39.5)
3.04 [1.40–6.63]
0.004
Chronic allograft dysfunction
41 (26.3)
25 (22.1)
16 (37.2)
2.09 [0.97–4.47]
0.056
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
7 (4.5)
5 (4.4)
2 (4.8)
1.08 [0.20–5.79]
1.00
Acquired comorbidities
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Activation
4 (2.6)
0 (0.0)
4 (9.3)
—
0.005$
Fungal Culture Positivity #
9 (5.8)
3 (2.7)
6 (14.0)
5.95 [1.42–24.97]
0.015
Bacterial Blood Culture Positivity
10 (6.4)
1 (0.9)
9 (20.9)
29.65 [3.63–242.42]
<0.001
Bacterial Urine Culture Positivity
5 (3.2)
1 (0.9)
4 (9.3)
11.49 [1.25–105.9]
0.021
Baseline immunosuppression
CNI (Tac/CyA)@
154 (98.7)
111 (98.2)
43 (100.0)
—
1.000$
MMF/MPA@
153 (98.0)
110 (99.7)
43 (100.0)
—
0.562$
Steroids
156 (100)
96 (85.0)
43 (100)
0.007$
Symptoms
Fever
140 (89.7)
99 (87.9)
41 (95.3)
2.90 [0.63–3.3]
0.172
Cough
117 (75.0)
87 (77.0)
30 (69.8)
0.69 [0.32–1.51]
0.358
Sore Throat
53 (34.0)
35 (31.0)
18 (41.9)
1.61 [0.78–3.31]
0.204
Body Aches
77 (49.4)
59 (52.2)
18 (41.9)
0.66 [0.32–1.32]
0.247
Breathing Difficulty
48 (30.8)
24 (21.2)
24 (55.8)
4.68 [2.21–9.94]
0.001
Loss of Smell
22 (14.1)
21 (18.6)
1 (2.3)
0.10 [0.0014–0.80]
0.030
Distaste
36 (23.1)
33 (29.2)
3 (7.0)
0.18 [0.05–0.63]
0.003
Loose Motions
32 (20.5)
22 (19.5)
10 (23.3)
1.25 [0.54–2.92]
0.601
Extremes Weakness
9 (5.8)
6 (5.3)
3 (7.0)
1.34 [0.32–5.66]
0.691
Altered Sensorium
13 (8.3)
0 (0.0)
13 (30.2)
—
<0.001$
The odds ratio could not be computed due to zero count; $Fisher’s exact test. @CAD/PVD, Coronary Artery Disease/Peripheral Vascular Disease; CNI, calcineurin inhibitors; Tac, Tacrolimus; CyA, CyclosporineA; MMF, Mycophenolate Mofetil; MPA, Mycophenolic Acid, #Fungal Culture Positivity when fungal infection was documented by positive urine or blood culture or Body Fluid Culture.
