A Comprehensive Comparison of Clinical Presentation and Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients with COVID-19 during Wave 1 versus Wave 2 at a Tertiary Care Center, India

Table 5

Association between mortality and demographics, laboratory investigations, CT scan, and treatment options of KTRs with COVID-19.

Parameter	Survivors (n = 113)	Nonsurvivors (n = 43)	Mean/median difference (95% CI)	p value
Demographics and baseline characteristics
Age (years), (Mean ± SD)	47.36 ± 13.28	55.02 ± 10.78	7.66 [3.56 to 11.76]	0.001
Height (meter) (Mean ± SD)	1.67 ± 089	1.66 ± 0.079	−0.012 [−0.043 to 0.0181]	0.428
Weight (kg) (Mean ± SD)	68.53 ± 14.58	69.91 ± 16.16	1.38 [−3.94 to 6.69]	0.610
BMI (kg/m^2) (Mean ± SD)	24.45 ± 4.86	25.25 ± 5.34	0.80 [−0.96 to 2.57]	0.371
Transplant duration (Weeks) (Median[IQR])	256 [117–417]	327 [207–464]	71.0 [−1.86 to 146.14]	0.056
Laboratory investigations (mean ± SD)
Hemoglobin (gm %) (Hb)	11.86 ± 1.86 (n = 108)	10.26 ± 1.81 (n = 38)	−1.61 [−2.29 to −0.92]	<0.001
Total leucocyte count (cells/mm^3)	8142 [6385–10300] n = 108	12200 [9028–16400] n = 37	3833 [2263–5540]	<0.001
Platelet count (×10^9/L)	196.04 ± 65.84	148.6 ± 54.9	−47.45 [−69.42 to −23.49]	<0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.60 ± 0.89 (n = 106)	3.11 ± 1.89 [n = 38)	1.51 [0.87 to 2.15]	<0.001
Blood urea (mg/dL)	58.02 ± 25.0 (n = 105)	120.2 ± 60.44 (n = 35)	62.16 [40.9 to 83.45]	<0.001
Serum albumin (gm/dL)	3.81 ± 0.44 (n = 103)	3.12 ± 0.59 (n = 33)	−0.69 [−0.88 to −0.50]	<0.001
Lymphocytes (%)	14.79 ± 7.59 (n = 103)	11.94 ± 6.25 (n = 33)	−2.85 [−5.74 to 0.039]	0.053
Presentation SpO2 (%)	95.47 ± 3.36	87.74 ± 7.82	−7.73 [−9.49 to −5.96]	<0.001
Inflammatory markers, (Median [IQR])
AST (IU/L)	28 [21–41] N = 96	32 [25–49] N = 34	5.5 [−4.74 to 11.50]	0.059
ALT (IU/L)	36 [20.6–54.5] N = 97	29 [19.3–49.0] N = 33	−2.86 [−11.0 to 5.50]	0.478
IL6 (pg/ml)	7.78 [2.70–28.15] n = 75	70.37 [31.22–199.75] (n = 33)	57.4 [34.3 to 103.1]	<0.001
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.08 [0.04–0.24] n = 74	0.36 [0.11–2.74] n = 32	0.20 [0.08 to 0.51]	<0.001
D-dimmer (ngFEU/ml)	422.5 [287.9–881.3]	1212 [579–3540]	572.8 [285.0 to 1415.5]	<0.001
CRP (mg/L)	15.802 [2.66–50.94]	76.85 [34.30–126.60]	40.5 [25.6 to 66.4]	<0.001
Ferritin(ng/ml)	368.9 [93.4–1084.9]	962 [516–1889]	470.9 [147 to 794]	<0.001
LDH(IU/L)	292.5 [236.5–415.0]	437 [312–773.3]	136 [56.0 to 232.0]	<0.001
AKI, dialysis and CT score, n(%)
AKI	29 (25.7)	36 (83.7)	14.90 [5.98 to 37.12]	<0.001
Need of dialysis	4 (3.5)	21 (48.8)	26.01 [8.13 to 83.24]	<0.001
CT score ≥ 15^&	12 (31.6)	22 (75.9)	6.81 [2.29 to 20.28]	<0.001
Treatment/Hospital management, n(%)
Remdesivir	15 (13.3)	30 (69.8)	15.08 [6.46 to35.20]	<0.001
Tocilizumab	7 (0.9)	9 (20.9)	29.65 [3.36 to242.4]	<0.001
Convalescent plasma	7 (6.2)	25 (58.1)	0.05 [0.02 to 0.13]	<0.001
Ventilator need	0 (0.0)	27 (62.8)	—	<0.001^$
ICU stay	12 (10.6)	37 (86.0)	51.90 [18.17 to 148.3]	<0.001

^&The number of subjects having CT scores was 67 (38 survivors and 29 nonsurvivors). ^$ Odds ratio [95% confidence interval], ^$Fisher’s exact test. SpO2: Oxygen Saturation, Hb: hemoglobin, TLC: total leucocyte count, IL6: interleukin 6, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, CRP: C-reactive protein.