The Growing Challenge of Chronic Kidney Disease: An Overview of Current Knowledge

Table 1

Recommended pharmacological treatments for CKD.

Treatment	General population	Type 2 diabetes	Type 1 diabetes	Heart failure	Potential side effects
ACEi/ARB	X	X	X	X	Hyperkalemia, hypotension, and cough (ACEi)
SGLT2i	X	X		X	Polyuria, genital infections (diabetes), and ketoacidosis (diabetes)
ns-MRA		X			Hyperkalemia

ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; SGLT2i: sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors; ns-MRA: nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist.