Research Article

Scanning Optical Head with Nontilted Reference Beam: Assuring Nanoradian Accuracy for a New Generation Surface Profiler in the Large-Slope Testing Range

Table 1

Different requirements for the slope error of mirrors and the focusing-spot size at different times.

YearsSlope error requirement of mirrorsRequired focusing spot size

1980s5 μrad10 μm
1990s1 μrad1 μm
NSLS II/TPS and new NSP100 nrad 1 nm