Applications of X-Ray Holography

Figure 5

Time-delay X-ray holograms of 140 nm-diameter polystyrene spheres. The time delays were 348 ± 1 fs (a) and 733 ± 2 fs (b). The pulses were 32 nm wavelength and 25 fs duration with intensities (0.5 ± 0.2) × 10¹⁴ W cm⁻². The intensities of the holograms are shown on a linear greyscale, to a half-width of 4.5 μm⁻¹. Deriving the time delays and the change in the optical path through the exploding particles from the fringe pattern, we have found that the particle sizes are determined from the envelope of the intensity [61].

(a)

(b)