Review Article
Scientific Rationale for the Use of Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists and Glucocorticoids in the Therapy of Pediatric Stridor
Table 1
Molecular and cellular effects of αAR-agonists and glucocorticoids in the upper airway.
| Treatment modality | Physiological effects |
| αAR-agonists | (i) Increased vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile tone | Gq protein-mediated VSM contraction (α1) | Gi protein-mediated VSM impaired relaxation (α2) | (ii) Modulation of mucosa blood flow and thickness | (iii) Increased nasal cavity cross-sectional area | (iv) Increased oropharyngeal patency | (v) Increased subglottic intraluminal diameter |
| Glucocorticoids | (i) Transrepression of AP-1 and NF-κB transcription factors | (ii) Regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) | (iii) Modulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression | (iv) Enhanced αAR-signaling and prevention of αAR-homologous desensitization | (v) Modulation of airway mucosa inflammation | (vi) Reduced airway mucosa thickness | (vii) Increased nasal and subglottic patency |
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