Sinonasal Malignancies and Charged Particle Radiation Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 3

Results for reports regarding patients with sinonasal malignancies treated with protons or ions.

Reference	Median total dose Gy (RBE) (range)	Local control	Regional control	Distant metastasis free survival	Overall survival	Toxicity	Median time to toxicity (months)
Castro et al., 1994 [40]	65 (60–80)	5-years KM: 60% (All definitive RT)	na	na	5-years KM: 38%	na	na
Tokuuye et al., 2004 [42]	72 (42–98)	9/11^1; (All definitive RT)	na	na	5/11^1	Osteoradionecrosis: 1	12
Mizoe et al., 2004 [31]	Study A: 59.4 (48.6–70.2); Study B: 57.6 (52.8–64.0)	5-years KM: 49%; (All definitive RT)	na	na	na	Study A^2, Acute G3: Skin: 1; Mucosal: 0; Study B^2, Acute G3:  Skin: 6; Mucosal: 1; No late G3	na
Resto et al., 2008 [43]	71.6 (55.4–79.4)	5-years KM; CR: 95%; PR: 82%; Bx: 87%; (𝑃=0.32)	5-years KM; CR: 87%; PR: 88%; Bx: 90%; (𝑃=0.68)	5-years KM; CR: 95%; PR: 69%; Bx: 52%; (𝑃=0.03)	5-years KM; CR: 90%; PR: 53%; Bx: 49%; (𝑃=0.02)	na	na
Zenda et al., 2011 [44]	65 (60–70)	1-year KM: 77%; (All definitive RT)	34/39^1	30/39^1	5-years KM: 55%	No severe acute; Late G3^3: Cataract: 1; Visual decrease: 1; CN VI palsy: 1; Bone necrosis: 1; Late G5: CSF leakage: 1	35.1; (range: 4.1–61.2)
Malyapa et al., 2010 [39]	R0: 68.4–69.6; R+, Bx: 74.4	36/38^4	—	34/38^4	—	Mild retinopathy: 1	na

na: not available, CR: complete resection, PR: partial resection, Bx: biopsy,
¹Number of patients, ²Data refers to a wider group of head and neck patients, acute toxicity scored according to RTOG, late according to RTOG/EORTC, ³CTCAE v.3.0, ⁴Number of patients; results according to type of treatment, that is, definitive or postoperative RT not available.