Sinonasal Malignancies and Charged Particle Radiation Treatment: A Systematic Literature Review

Table 6

Outcome results for studies employing photon radiation therapy.

Author, institution, year	Treatment, patients	Median total dose Gy (range)	LC 5-yrs KM	RC 5-yrs KM	DC 5-yrs KM	OS 5-yrs KM	Toxicity
Mendenhall et al., UF, 2009 [10]	Pre-op RT: 8; Post-op RT: 45; Def RT: 56	Pre-op RT: 55 (48.4–64.8); Post-op RT: 64.8 (55–74.4); Def RT: 70 (50–70)	Adj.: 84%; Def: 43%; (𝑃=0.0007)	N0: 93%; N1: 88%	81%	Adj: 73%; Def: 38%; (𝑃<0.0001)	Late ≥ G3 Def: 17 (30%); Late ≥ G3 Pre-op: 1 (12.5%); Late ≥ G3 Post-op: 12 (26.7%)
Chen et al., UCSF, 2007 [24]	Pre-op RT: 9; Post-op RT: 82; Def RT: 36	Pre-op RT: 60; Post-op RT: 63; Def RT: 66	GTR: 65%; GRD: 44%; (𝑃=0.02)	^1120/127	^1113/127	52%	Late ≥ G3: (𝑃<0.01) 53% (1960s), 45% (1970s), 39% (1980s), 28% (1990s), 16% (2000s)
Daly et al., UCSF, 2007 [50]	Post-op IMRT: 32; Def IMRT: 4	Post-op IMRT: 58 (51–60); Def IMRT: 70 (63–72)	58%	^135/36	^131/36	45%	Acute ≥ G3: 7 (19.4%); Any Late: 12 (40%)
Hoppe et al., MSKCC, 2008 [21]	Def RT: 39	70 (48–72) (BED)	21%	61%	51%	15%	Acute ≥ G3: 20 (51.3%); Late ≥ G3: 7 (18%)
Hoppe et al., MSKCC, 2007 [20]	Post-op RT: 85	63 (50–70)	62%	87%	82%	67%	Acute ≥ G3: 18 (21%); Late ≥ G3: 1 (2.5%)
Madani et al., Ghent University Hospital, 2009 [51]	Post-op IMRT: 75; Def IMRT: 9	Post-op/Def: 70 (48–72)	70.7%	—	82.2%	58.5%	Acute G3: 6 (7.1%); Late ≥ G3: 8 (9.5%)
Dirix et al., Leuven University Hospital, 2010 [52]	Post-op IMRT: 40	60 (60–66)	76%; (2-yrs)	100%; (2-yrs)	89%; (2-yrs)	89%; (2-yrs)	No Acute ≥ G3; No Late ≥ G3

¹Number of patients, LC: local control, RC: regional control, DC: distant control, OS: overall survival, KM: Kaplan-Meier, Pre-op RT: preoperative radiotherapy, Post-op RT: postoperative radiotherapy, Def RT: definitive radiotherapy, Adj: pre-op and post-op radiotherapy, GTR: gross tumor resection, GRD: gross residual disease, IMRT: Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, BED: Biological Effective Dose, UF: University of Florida, UCSF: University of California San Francisco, MSKCC: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.