Nasopharyngeal Development in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

Table 5

Significant differences between uCLP and control group in total.

Variable	Unit		Group
			uCLP	uCLP	Sign.
			𝑛=66	𝑛=123
FACAX	°	mean	88.1	90.7	**
		SD	6.8	4.7
N-BA	mm	mean	101.2	97.9	**
		SD	6.2	6.7
N-S	mm	mean	67.2	68.3	*
		SD	2.3	2.6
S-Spp	mm	mean	43.9	46.4	***
		SD	3.1	4.8
A-Me	mm	mean	59.7	58.1	*
		SD	4.7	4.9
N-Me	mm	mean	113.8	111.6	*
		SD	7.0	7.1
GSHVER	%	mean	64.0	65.8	*
		SD	5.6	5.3
Spp-A	mm	mean	43.5	44.9	**
		SD	3.5	2.8
Spp-Spa	mm	mean	47.2	48.3	*
		SD	3.3	2.9
S-N-A	°	mean	76.7	82.0	***
		SD	4.5	3.9
Ba-N-A	°	mean	58.2	63.4	***
		SD	4.8	3.6
Conv-A	mm	mean	−0.6	2.2	***
		SD	4.0	2.9
S-N-B	°	mean	76.0	78.5	***
		SD	4.3	4.7
Ar-Go-Me	°	mean	129.1	125.9	**
		SD	6.9	7.8
N-Go-Me	°	mean	76.5	72.5	***
		SD	6.8	5.3
FACDEP	°	mean	83.6	85.6	*
		SD	5.6	4.0
MANPLA	°	mean	30.1	26.3	**
		SD	9.0	6.0
S-AA	mm	mean	51.3	49.1	**
		SD	5.9	4.5
Ho-Ho1	mm	mean	17.5	16.2	***
		SD	2.2	1.5
Ba-Spp	mm	mean	41.3	44.8	***
		SD	4.1	3.6
AA-Spp	mm	mean	33.4	35.3	**
		SD	4.5	3.2
TkNph1	°	mean	58.1	61.1	**
		SD	5.8	4.6
TkNph3	°	mean	39.8	43.1	***
		SD	5.0	4.6
NphF1	mm^2	mean	375.4	349.7	*
		SD	69.9	56.7
NphF2	mm^2	mean	750.8	698.9	*
		SD	139.7	119.0
AdF1	mm^2	mean	231.2	212.4	*
		SD	44.4	45.0
AdF2	mm^2	mean	363.2	335.8	*
		SD	76.6	76.7
Spp-U	mm	mean	29.1	31.8	***
		SD	5.0	3.4
Spp-ad4	mm	mean	22.9	27.5	***
		SD	3.7	3.3
NeedRat	%	mean	80.8	87.3	*
		SD	18.8	13.2
H-C3	mm	mean	34.4	32.4	**
		SD	4.7	4.5
H-MP	mm	mean	19.0	17.0	*
		SD	6.1	5.6
H-PP	mm	mean	60.5	58.0	*
		SD	7.3	6.5
H-HWS	mm	mean	32.9	30.8	**
		SD	4.4	4.2

Level of significance (t-test): *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001 (FACAX = facial axis = angle between Ba-N and Pt-Gnk, GSHVER = facial height relation = S-Go/N-Me, CONV-A = convexity of point A = distance of A-point perpendicular to N-Po, FACDEP = facial depth = angle between P-Or and N-Po, MANPLA = mandibular plane = angle between P-Or and hT-Me, NEEDRAT = need ratio = Spp-ad4/Spp-U, other variables see Figures 1–5).