Nasopharyngeal Development in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Table 5
Significant differences between uCLP and control group in total.
Variable
Unit
Group
uCLP
uCLP
Sign.
FACAX
°
mean
88.1
90.7
**
SD
6.8
4.7
N-BA
mm
mean
101.2
97.9
**
SD
6.2
6.7
N-S
mm
mean
67.2
68.3
*
SD
2.3
2.6
S-Spp
mm
mean
43.9
46.4
***
SD
3.1
4.8
A-Me
mm
mean
59.7
58.1
*
SD
4.7
4.9
N-Me
mm
mean
113.8
111.6
*
SD
7.0
7.1
GSHVER
%
mean
64.0
65.8
*
SD
5.6
5.3
Spp-A
mm
mean
43.5
44.9
**
SD
3.5
2.8
Spp-Spa
mm
mean
47.2
48.3
*
SD
3.3
2.9
S-N-A
°
mean
76.7
82.0
***
SD
4.5
3.9
Ba-N-A
°
mean
58.2
63.4
***
SD
4.8
3.6
Conv-A
mm
mean
−0.6
2.2
***
SD
4.0
2.9
S-N-B
°
mean
76.0
78.5
***
SD
4.3
4.7
Ar-Go-Me
°
mean
129.1
125.9
**
SD
6.9
7.8
N-Go-Me
°
mean
76.5
72.5
***
SD
6.8
5.3
FACDEP
°
mean
83.6
85.6
*
SD
5.6
4.0
MANPLA
°
mean
30.1
26.3
**
SD
9.0
6.0
S-AA
mm
mean
51.3
49.1
**
SD
5.9
4.5
Ho-Ho1
mm
mean
17.5
16.2
***
SD
2.2
1.5
Ba-Spp
mm
mean
41.3
44.8
***
SD
4.1
3.6
AA-Spp
mm
mean
33.4
35.3
**
SD
4.5
3.2
TkNph1
°
mean
58.1
61.1
**
SD
5.8
4.6
TkNph3
°
mean
39.8
43.1
***
SD
5.0
4.6
NphF1
mm2
mean
375.4
349.7
*
SD
69.9
56.7
NphF2
mm2
mean
750.8
698.9
*
SD
139.7
119.0
AdF1
mm2
mean
231.2
212.4
*
SD
44.4
45.0
AdF2
mm2
mean
363.2
335.8
*
SD
76.6
76.7
Spp-U
mm
mean
29.1
31.8
***
SD
5.0
3.4
Spp-ad4
mm
mean
22.9
27.5
***
SD
3.7
3.3
NeedRat
%
mean
80.8
87.3
*
SD
18.8
13.2
H-C3
mm
mean
34.4
32.4
**
SD
4.7
4.5
H-MP
mm
mean
19.0
17.0
*
SD
6.1
5.6
H-PP
mm
mean
60.5
58.0
*
SD
7.3
6.5
H-HWS
mm
mean
32.9
30.8
**
SD
4.4
4.2
Level of significance (t-test): *, **, *** (FACAX = facial axis = angle between Ba-N and Pt-Gnk, GSHVER = facial height relation = S-Go/N-Me, CONV-A = convexity of point A = distance of A-point perpendicular to N-Po, FACDEP = facial depth = angle between P-Or and N-Po, MANPLA = mandibular plane = angle between P-Or and hT-Me, NEEDRAT = need ratio = Spp-ad4/Spp-U, other variables see Figures 1–5).