Research Article

A Ten-Year Review of Audiological Performance in Children with Inner Ear Abnormalities after Cochlear Implantation in Singapore

Table 2

Table summarizing age at implant, inner ear anomalies, intraop complications, and outcome.

SexAge at implantCT malformationIntraoperative complicationsAdditional medical issuesType of implantOutcome

FR: 1 yr 7 monthsR: IP-1R: noneNoneR: CI 24 ReGood. Speaking sentences
L: 2 yrs 9 monthsL: IP-1L: CSF gushL: CI 24 Re

MR: 3 yrs 6 monthsIP-1CSF gushNoneMed-el SonataGood. Attends primary school mainstream

MR: 10-yr-oldEVA and modiolus dysplasiaNoneNoneNucleus FreedomAttends school for hearing impaired

FR and L both at 1 year 1 monthR: IP-2R: CSF gushGentamicin useR and L: Med-el SonataGood. Attends primary school mainstream
L: IP-2L: none

FR: 3 yrs 8 monthsR: mild dilated vestibule and posterior SCCNoneHad implant on the left side which is normal side on CT at 1-yr-oldR: CI 24 ReGood. Can speak in sentences
L: CI 512

MR: 1 yr 11 monthsR: IP-1CSF gush (mild)NNJ with phototherapyR: CI 24 RePoor
MRI: absent CN

MR: 3-yr-oldCT: bilateral absent modioli, slight dysplasia of the cochleas, mild incomplete partition between apical and middle turnsCSF gush (massive)Folded electrodes on X-rayR: CI 24 RePoor

FL: 2 yrs 8 monthsCT: bilateral narrow IAC and CN apertures. CN hypoplasia or agenesisCSF gush (mild)L: CI 512Poor
MRI: bilateral IAM narrowed. Worse on the right side. Absent right vestibulocochlear nerve, left CN is likely absent as well

MR: 2 yrs 9 monthsIP-2 and EVACSF gushR: CI 512Good speech but articulation still can be improved

FL: 1 yr 9 monthsCT: left CN canal at lower limit calibre, right normalNoneL: Med-el SonataGood
MRI: CN are normal bilaterally

MR: 2 yrs 9 monthsCT: narrowed CN canals, CN abnormalitiesNoneDad has hearing loss GDDR and L: CI 512Poor progress, not able to produce formed words 1 year after bilateral CI
L: 3 yrsMRI: normal CN

FL: 7 yrs 5 monthsCT: IP-2 and EVACSF gush (mild)Both parents are hearing impaired and muteL: CI 512Followed up in school for hearing impaired

FR: 2 yrsCT: bilateral fenestral otosclerosis which may be related to congenital rubella infectionNoneCongenital rubella infectionR: CI 24 Re (done in USA)Good speech
L: 4 yrs 7 monthsL: CI 512

MR: 3 yrsCT: IP-2 and EVACSF gush (mild)R: CI 512Aided threshold within range

FR: 2 yrs 7 monthsCT: cochlear dysplasia and dilated vestibule bilaterallyCSF gush (mild)Johnson–Blizzard syndrome. Hypothyroidism. Lumbar drain insertedR: CI 24 ReGood progress. Aided threshold within range. Trying for mainstream

FR: 3 yrsCT: mondini variant dysplastic modiolus and EVACSF gush (moderate)Mild NNJ: both parents have hearing lossR: CI 24 ReAttends school for hearing impaired

MR: 8 yrsCT: EVA with incomplete partition between middle and apical cochlear turns. IP-2. Bilateral.CSF gush (mild)R: CI 24 ReFair speech. Attends school for hearing impaired.

ML: 3 yrs 2 monthsCT: bilateral basal turns of cochlear dilated, incomplete septation of middle and apical turns, and absent modiolus. No EVA. Bilateral Inner ear dysplasia.CSF gushL: Sonata Ti 100 and standard electrodePoor response. Aided threshold not within range
MRI: bilateral Inner ear dysplasia. Hypoplastic left CN. Right CN vaguely seen and is even smaller.

FL: 4 yrs 5 monthsCT: right prominent vestibular aqueductNoneL: CI 24 ReAided threshold within range

MR and L: 1 year 4 monthsCT: bilateral short and dilated posterior SCC.NoneR and L: CI 24 ReAided threshold within range

IP-1: incomplete partition 1; IP-2: incomplete partition 2; EVA: enlarged vestibular aqueduct; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; SCC: semicircular canal; CN: cochlear nerve; NNJ: neonatal jaundice; IAC: internal auditory canal; IAM: internal auditory meatus; GDD: global developmental delay.