Does HPV Subtype Predict Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancers?

Table 2

Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression for overall survival and progression-free survival (n = 280).

Dependent variable:	Overall survival		Progression-free survival
Variable:	HR (95% CI)	p value	HR (95% CI)	value
Univariable:
Age at diagnosis (per 5 years)	1.12 (1.02, 1.24)	0.018	1.08 (1.00, 1.17)	0.059
Alcohol abuse (vs. No)	1.67 (1.10, 2.52)	0.015	1.33 (0.94, 1.90)	0.110
Location		0.749		0.314
Oral cavity vs. oropharynx	1.36 (0.82, 2.26)	0.227	1.30 (0.85, 2.00)	0.232
Larynx vs. oropharynx	1.05 (0.49, 2.23)	0.899	1.80 (1.01, 3.21)	0.047
Hypopharynx vs. oropharynx	1.41 (0.48, 4.12)	0.527	0.99 (0.35, 2.83)	0.985
Other vs. oropharynx	0.86 (0.12, 6.42)	0.886	0.61 (0.08, 4.50)	0.630
T stage		<0.001		0.031
T3 vs. T1-T2	1.52 (0.83, 2.78)	0.179	1.54 (0.96, 2.47)	0.075
T4 vs. T1-T2	2.64 (1.63, 4.30)	<0.001	1.70 (1.13, 2.54)	0.011
N stage		<0.001		0.036
N1 vs. N0	1.39 (0.71, 2.72)	0.332	0.95 (0.54, 1.66)	0.851
N2-N3 vs. N0	2.41 (1.53, 3.80)	<0.001	1.56 (1.07, 2.28)	0.020
Overall stage (AJCC 7^th edition)		<0.001		0.226
III vs. I-II	1.42 (0.60, 3.38)	0.423	0.97 (0.53, 1.77)	0.917
IV vs. I-II	3.11 (1.55, 6.23)	0.001	1.36 (0.85, 2.20)	0.204
Perineural invasion (vs. No)	2.58 (1.61, 4.14)	<0.001	1.91 (1.27, 2.88)	0.002
Extranodal extension (vs. No)	2.92 (1.73, 4.93)	<0.001	2.05 (1.27, 3.30)	0.003
Lymphovascular invasion (vs. No)	2.81 (1.73, 4.56)	<0.001	1.72 (1.11, 2.66)	0.016
Neoadjuvant treatment (vs. No)	1.93 (0.89, 4.19)	0.096	2.84 (1.53, 5.30)	0.001
Nonsurgical treatment (vs. No)	0.61 (0.37, 1.02)	0.058	0.87 (0.58, 1.30)	0.502
Adjuvant treatment (vs. No)	1.46 (0.96, 2.22)	0.076	1.07 (0.75, 1.52)	0.714
HPV+ (vs. HPV−)	0.66 (0.41, 1.06)	0.086	0.70 (0.47, 1.04)	0.073
HPV status		0.168		0.099
HPV-16 vs. HPV-Other	2.90 (0.39, 21.5)	0.299	4.83 (0.66, 35.3)	0.121
HPV-negative vs. HPV-other	4.06 (0.56, 29.3)	0.164	6.23 (0.87, 44.7)	0.069
p16+ (vs. p16-/unknown)	0.41 (0.21, 0.82)	0.011	0.48 (0.28, 0.82)	0.008
Multivariable:
T stage		—		0.022
T3 vs. T1-T2	—	—	1.48 (0.84, 2.61)	0.172
T4 vs. T1-T2	—	—	2.01 (1.22, 3.29)	0.006
N stage		—		0.007
N1 vs. N0	—	—	1.00 (0.49, 2.01)	0.989
N2-N3 vs. N0	—	—	2.00 (1.27, 3.16)	0.003
Overall stage (AJCC 7^th edition)		<0.001		—
III vs. I-II	1.26 (0.42, 3.76)	0.676	—	—
IV vs. I-II	4.67 (2.01, 10.9)	<0.001	—	—
Perineural invasion (vs. No)	2.53 (1.58, 4.07)	<0.001	1.60 (1.04, 2.46)	0.034
Neoadjuvant treatment (vs. No)	—	—	4.28 (2.07, 8.85)	<0.001

HR: hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval; HPV: human papillomavirus; numbers in bold indicate values <0.05.