CBCT Assessment of Ethmoid Roof Variations through Keros, Gera, and TMS Classifications

Table 7

The incidence of Keros types in different populations.

Study	Country	Sample number	Modality	Keros type 1 (%)	Keros type 2 (%)	Keros type 3 (%)
Keros [7]	Germany	450	Cadaver	12	70	18
Babu et al. [1]	India	1200	CT	17.5	74.6	7.9
Solares et al. [15]	USA	50	CT	83	15	2
Gauba et al. [21]	UK	32	CT	34.4	28.1	37.5
Floreani et al. [22]	Australia	22	CT	23	50	27
Souza et al. [8]	Brazil	200	CT	26.3	73.3	0.5
Paber et al. [12]	Philippines	218	CT	81.6	17.9	0.5
Nitinavakarn et al. [23]	Thailand	176	CT	11.9	68.8	19.3
Salroo et al. [24]	India	100	CT	29	61	10
Pawar et al. [27]	India	200	CT	18.5	74.5	7
Satish Nair [30]	India	180	CT	17.2	77.2	5.6
Ali et al. [25]	India	75	CT	20	78.7	1.3
Gupta et al. [26]	India	100	CT	39	59	2
Jacob et al. [4]	India	32	Dry skull	23.44	70.8	5.73
Preti et al. [10]	Italy	124	CT	29.03	59.68	11.29
Bista et al. [20]	Nepal	50	CT	86	12	2
Adeel et al. [3]	Pakistan	77	CT	29.9	49.4	20.8
Anderhuber et al. [16]	Germany	272	CT	14.2	70.6	15.2
Basak et al. [17]	Turkey	64	CT	9	53	38
Jang et al. [28]	South Korea	205	CT	30.5	69.5	Nil
Abdullah et al. [11]	Malaysia	150	CT	24.3	75.7	Nil
Goytia et al. [31]	México	100	CT	17	63	20
Leunig et al. [19]	Germany	641	CT	8	80	12
Elwany et al. [32]	Egypt	300	CT	42.5	56.8	1.4
Alazzawi et al. [33]	Malaysia	150	CT	80	20	Nil
Kaplanoglu et al. [14]	Turkey	500	CT	13.4	76.1	10.5
Costa et al. [13]	Brazil	174	CBCT	13.79	65.52	20.69
Guldner et al. [18]	Germany	865	CBCT	17.3	58.6	24.1