Prospects of Nanostructure-Based Solar Cells for Manufacturing Future Generations of Photovoltaic Modules

<table>A photon with energy more than <svg height="18.362499" id="M41" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 26.424999 18.362499" width="26.424999" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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l14 20.5t15 23.5t13.5 21.5l29 -10q-52 -129 -71 -163h-500l6 28q66 4 83 17.5t28 73.5l77 409q11 61 -0.5 75.5t-78.5 18.5l10 28h467z" id="x1D438"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,18.963,15.188)"><path d="M546 430q-14 -33 -37.5 -140t-38.5 -209q-29 -195 -156 -289q-29 -21 -70 -37t-78 -16q-62 0 -102.5 37t-40.5 69q0 27 26 48q19 15 25 -3q13 -43 46.5 -69t87.5 -26q55 0 83 21q29 22 50 65t43 140q14 64 29 163h-2q-55 -81 -149 -152q-59 -44 -102 -44q-23 0 -43.5 30
t-20.5 85q0 74 32.5 145.5t84.5 117.5q40 35 100 58.5t117 23.5q21 0 65 -8q30 -6 44 -6zM456 386q-40 16 -81 16q-29 0 -64 -13q-42 -17 -85 -97q-19 -36 -31.5 -86t-12.5 -86q0 -64 30 -64q20 0 52.5 21t60.5 52q74 81 95 123q26 62 36 134z" id="x1D454"></path></g>
</svg> strikes on down converter and produces two photons with energy <svg height="18.362499" id="M42" style="vertical-align:-5.76988pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 22.137501 18.362499" width="22.137501" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.113)"><path d="M609 650l-19 -162l-30 -2q2 69 -14 94q-9 18 -28.5 26t-74.5 8h-88q-30 0 -37 -6.5t-12 -36.5l-41 -212h103q48 0 69 5.5t32 19t26 50.5h29l-40 -198h-30q2 58 -11.5 70.5t-85.5 12.5h-99l-30 -167q-17 -87 3 -101q18 -15 111 -15q59 0 89 7t54 27q8 7 15.5 16t16 21.5
l14 20.5t15 23.5t13.5 21.5l29 -10q-52 -129 -71 -163h-500l6 28q66 4 83 17.5t28 73.5l77 409q11 61 -0.5 75.5t-78.5 18.5l10 28h467z" id="x1D438"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.8,15.188)"><path d="M546 430q-14 -33 -37.5 -140t-38.5 -209q-29 -195 -156 -289q-29 -21 -70 -37t-78 -16q-62 0 -102.5 37t-40.5 69q0 27 26 48q19 15 25 -3q13 -43 46.5 -69t87.5 -26q55 0 83 21q29 22 50 65t43 140q14 64 29 163h-2q-55 -81 -149 -152q-59 -44 -102 -44q-23 0 -43.5 30
t-20.5 85q0 74 32.5 145.5t84.5 117.5q40 35 100 58.5t117 23.5q21 0 65 -8q30 -6 44 -6zM456 386q-40 16 -81 16q-29 0 -64 -13q-42 -17 -85 -97q-19 -36 -31.5 -86t-12.5 -86q0 -64 30 -64q20 0 52.5 21t60.5 52q74 81 95 123q26 62 36 134z" id="x1D454"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,18.2,11.113)"><path d="M113 -12q-24 0 -39.5 16t-15.5 42q0 24 16 40.5t40 16.5t40 -16.5t16 -40.5q0 -26 -16 -42t-41 -16z" id="x2E"></path></g>
</svg></table>

International Journal of Photoenergy

fig8

Figure 8

Figure 8: Prospects of Nanostructure-Based Solar Cells for Manufacturing Future Generations of Photovoltaic Modules 