Energy Effectiveness of Direct UV and UV/H₂O₂ Treatment of Estrogenic Chemicals in Biologically Treated Sewage

Table 1

The electrical energy per order, EEO, (kWh/m³) for UV and UV/H₂O₂ treatments of the investigated compounds in treated wastewater from Usserød WWTP. 95% confidence intervals are indicated.

	UV	UV/H2O2
Parabens
Methylparaben (MP)	13.9 ± 0.2	8.1 ± 0.6
Ethylparaben (EP)	15.9 ± 0.7	5.3 ± 0.3
Propylparaben (PP)	19.1 ± 1.1	6.4 ± 0.4
isoButylparaben (isoBP)	14.2 ± 1.6	7.0 ± 0.4
Butylparaben (BP)	28.0 ± 2.9	7.9 ± 0.4
Industrial phenols
Bisphenol A (BPA)	16.1 ± 1.9	8.7 ± 1.2
isoNonylphenol (isoNP)	11.5 ± 2.6	7.6 ± 1.2
Octylphenol (OP)	8.1 ± 1.6	2.6 ± 0.1
Sunscreen chemicals
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3)	25.4 ± 1.3	8.5 ± 0.6
Benzophenone-7 (BP-7)	21.1 ± 1.4	8.7 ± 0.5
Octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC)	19.8 ± 2.2	7.1 ± 1.2
Homosalate (HMS)	15.0 ± 1.6	7.7 ± 0.6
3-(4-Methylbenzyliden)camphor (4-MBC)	17.3 ± 2.2	5.0 ± 0.1
Octyl dimethylaminobenzoate (OD-PABA)	4.2 ± 0.7	4.1 ± 0.1
Steroid estrogens
Estrone (E1)	1.2^a	N.D.
17β-estradiol (β-E2)	4.9 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.2
Ethinylestradiol (EE2)	6.1 ± 0.7	1.8 ± 0.03
Estrogenic potency
Estradiol equivalent concentration (EEC) according to YES assay	4.9 ± 1.0	N.D.

N.D.: no data. ^aRegression with only two points.