Recent Developments of Flexible CdTe Solar Cells on Metallic Substrates: Issues and Prospects

Table 1

Research trends in flexible CdTe cells on metallic foils with best polyimide sheets.

	Group/year	Deposition method	Highest deposition temp. (°C)	Anneal temp. (°C)	Back contacts	Front contacts	Best efficiency	Ref.
1	ETH Switzerland, 2000	HVE	300	430	Te-Mo, Sb2Te3-Mo	AZO	2%	[46]
2	UNAM Mexico, 2004	CSS	670	400	Au-Pd	ITO	3.5%	[42]
3	Univ. of Kentucky, 2003	HVE	220	300–500	Cu-Te	ITO/AZO	6%	[41]
4	Univ. of Toledo, 2005	MS	220	387	Mo	AZO	6.6%	[26, 31]
5	Univ. of Toledo, 2005	MS	260	390	ZnTe : N	ITO/AZO	7.8%	[32]
6	Univ. of S. Florida, 2009	CSS	650	425	Sb2Te3/Mo	ITO	6%	[44]
7	*Univ. of Toledo, 2009	MS	260	387	Cu : Au	AZO	10.5%	[34]
8	*ETH Switzerland, 2009	HVE	300	420	Cu : Au	AZO	12.4%	[28]
9	*EMPA Switzerland, 2011	—	—	—	—	—	13.8%	[25]

*Polyimide substrate.