Photoelectrochemical Performance of Smooth TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays: Effect of Anodization Temperature and Cleaning Methods

Figure 9

FESEM images of TiO₂ nanotubes obtained via ultrasonic cleaning using acetone after anodization for (a) 1, (b) 2, and (c) 10 min.

(a)

(b)

(c)