Effects of Surface Modification of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays on the Performance of CdS Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells

Figure 2

(a) Top-view and side-view images of the CdS/TNAs and the TNAs modified by (b) TiCl₄, (c) HNO₃, (d) KOH, and (e) MTMS.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)