Effects of Surface Modification of TiO₂ Nanotube Arrays on the Performance of CdS Quantum-Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells

Figure 3

TEM images of (a) CdS/TNAs without surface treatment and CdS/TNAs treated by (b) TiCl₄, (c) HNO₃, (d) KOH, (e) MTMS, and (f) correspond to high-resolution TEM image of HNO₃-modified CdS/TNAs.

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(b)

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(f)