Single Step Formation of C-TiO₂ Nanotubes: Influence of Applied Voltage and Their Photocatalytic Activity under Solar Illumination

Figure 2

FEESEM images of (a) pure Ti foil and C-TiO₂ nanotube arrays fabricated at different applied voltage in an EG electrolyte containing 5 wt% of NH₄F and 5 wt% of H₂O₂ for 1 h at (b) 10 V, (c) 20 V, and (d) 30 V (inset: cross-sectional view).

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