Research and Development Aspects on Chemical Preparation Techniques of Photoanodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells

Table 5

SPD methods in preparation of DSSC.

Materials	Method	Efficiency ()%	Reference
Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) films coated on indium-tin oxide (ITO) films	Spray pyrolysis deposition (SPD)	3.7	[191, 192]
ITO-Pt semiconductor powder containing nanoscale noble metal particles	Spray pyrolysis	—	[193]
TiO2 blocking layer	Spray pyrolysis	—	[194, 195]
Porous TiO2 films	Spray pyrolysis deposition	3.2– 5.1	[81, 196]
TiO2 nanocrystalline electrode	Atomized spray pyrolysis (ASP)	8.2	[197]
Nb2O5 blocking layer	Spray pyrolysis	3.35	[198]
Boron-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) electrode	Spray pyrolysis deposition	1.53	[199]
ZnO nanostructures	Spray pyrolysis	4.7	[200]