Development of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with Sputtered N-Doped TiO₂ Thin Films: From Modeling the Growth Mechanism of the Films to Fabrication of the Solar Cells

Table 2

Short-circuit current density, open-circuit voltage, and maximum dark current for cells A, B, and C. The maximum dark current was taken for each respective 𝑉_OC.

DSSC	Energy band gap of the films (eV)	𝐽SC (mA/cm^2)	|𝑉OC| (mV)	𝐽CE^max (μA/cm^2)
A	1.9	1.13	747	−19.0
B	2.5	2.32	670	−31.5
C	3.2	0.62	785	−10.4