Research Article
Comparison of Performance Measurements of Photovoltaic Modules during Winter Months in Taxila, Pakistan
Table 1
Physical dimensions, rated technical specifications, and measured values of photovoltaic modules.
| | | c-Si | p-Si | a-Si |
| | Dimensions | | Module dimension (mm × mm) | 690 × 540 | 690 × 455 | 1250 × 640 | | Cell dimensions (mm × mm) | 156 × 52 | 156 × 45 | 1220 × 610 | | No. of cells (in series) | 4 × 9 | 4 × 9 | 1 | | Total cells area (m²) | 0.292 | 0.2527 | 0.7442 |
| | Rated values | | Maximum power,
(W) | 45 | 40 | 40 | | Maximum current, (A) | 2.2 | 2.3 | 0.47 | | Maximum voltage, (V) | 18.2 | 17.4 | 30.4 | | Short circuit current, (A) | 2.7 | 2.66 | 0.65 | | Open circuit voltage, (V) | 21.6 | 21.6 | 54.8 | | Temp. coefficient of (%/°C) | +0.05 | +0.06 | +0.09 | | Temp. coefficient of (%/°C) | −0.35 | −0.36 | −0.29 | | Temp. coefficient of (%/°C) | −0.45 | −0.5 | −0.20 |
| | Measured values | | Avg. global solar irrad. (W/m²) | 625.7 | 625.7 | 625.7 | | Avg. ambient temp. (°C) | 18.1 | 18.1 | 18.1 | | Avg. module temp. (°C) | 28.5 | 28.1 | 27.2 | | Avg. module current (A) | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.5 | | Avg. module voltage (V) | 21.1 | 20.8 | 57.1 | | Avg. module power (W) | 23.4 | 19.7 | 22.2 | | Avg. power output Eff. (%) | 52 | 49.2 | 55.5 | | Avg. module efficiency (%) | 13.1 | 12.5 | 5.5 | | Avg. performance ratio | 0.85 | 0.8 | 1.03 |
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