Price-Efficiency Relationship for Photovoltaic Systems on a Global Basis

Table 3

Pathways of cost reduction potential for photovoltaic systems [27].

Characteristic	Value or qualifier
Module
Efficiency	>25%
Substrate	Lower cost and weight than glass
Reliability	30 years or can be replaced with minimum labour
Materials	Earth-abundant, nontoxic, or established or recycling plan
BOS/installation
Labour	Can be done with nonspecialized labour
Process	Lightweight (ease of handling, no special equipment)
Assembly	Snap together mechanical and electrical
Power electronics
Efficiency	>95%, improved module-peak power management
Reliability	30 years
Assembly	Integration of wiring, components to minimize electrical connections