Synthesis and Optimization of Visible Light Active BiVO₄ Photocatalysts for the Degradation of RhB

Table 1

Synthesis parameters of BiVO₄ samples prepared via hydrothermal method.

Sample (sample name)	Reactants	pH of precursor slurry	Temperature & time
BiVO4 (H-140-8)	3 mmol Bi(NO3)3·5H2O	7 (2 M NH4OH)	Hydrothermal 140°C, 8 h [29].
	2 mmol NH4VO3
	2 M NH4OH
	35 mL deionized water (DW)
BiVO4 (C+H-200-24)	3 mmol Bi(NO3)3·5H2O	1 (50 vol.% acetic acid)	Precursor calcination; 730 K (457°C), 5 h; hydrothermal 200°C, 24 h [24].
	0.38 g K2CO3
	0.5 g V2O5
	50 vol.% acetic acid
	35 mL DW

Samples prepared via hydrothermal synthesis were denoted by the nomenclature BiVO₄ (H-XXX-XX), where XXX and XX refer to the treatment temperature and time, respectively; BiVO₄ (H-XXX-XX) and BiVO₄ (C+H-XXX-XX) denote samples prepared via hydrothermal and calcination and hydrothermal synthesis, respectively.