Review Article
Comparative Study of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems
Table 1
Comparison among constant voltage, P&O, and incremental conductance MPPT control techniques.
| Method | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Fixed duty cycle | (i) Inherent simplicity (ii) Use of a pulse width modulator to drive the dc-dc converter | (i) Low efficiency in terms of the extracted power |
| Constant voltage | (i) Easy implementation (ii) Use of a single voltage sensor | (i) Appreciable steady-state error due to the difference between and |
| Perturb and observe | (i) Operation close to the MPP | (i) Relative complex implementation (ii) Employment of two sensors (voltage and current) (iii) Need to choose between speed and accuracy |
| Incremental conductance | (i) Variable step (ii) Fast and precise technique | (i) Employment of two sensors (voltage and current) (ii) Complex implementation due to calculation of derivatives |
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