Energy Storage Requirements for PV Power Ramp Rate Control in Northern Europe

Table 2

Cycling induced degradation of an Altairnano battery energy storage system compensating the power fluctuations of two different PV generators with different ramp rate limits located in Northern European climate during the year 2012.

RR limit (%/min)	1	2	5	10	20	30
(%)	0.22	0.31	0.36	0.47	0.53	0.47
(%)	0.20	0.27	0.31	0.42	0.47	0.42