Noble Metal Decoration and Presulfation on TiO₂: Increased Photocatalytic Activity and Efficient Esterification of n-Butanol with Citric Acid

Table 3

CABu conversion of esterification reaction catalyzed by TiO₂, S/TiO₂ and S/M-TiO₂ (M = Ag, Au, Rh, and Pt) solid-acid catalysts.

Samples	Conversion (%)
TiO2	62.3
S/TiO2	83.5
S/Ag-TiO2 ((Ag) = 0.5%)	86.7
S/Au-TiO2 ((Au) = 0.5%)	98.2
S/Rh-TiO2 ((Rh) = 0.5%)	90.3
S/Pt-TiO2 ((Pt) = 0.5%)	91.3

Reaction conditions: T = 400 K, P = 1 atm, and T = 6 h.