Enhancing Performance of SnO₂-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using ZnO Passivation Layer

Table 2

Amount of dye adsorbed and bond distances.

System	Dye amount (×10^−5 mol L^−1 cm^−2)	Distance between two consecutive cations (Ǻ)	Isoelectric point (~pH)
SnO2	4.00	Sn^4+-Sn^4+  3.2	5.5
SnO2/ZnO	4.91	Zn^2+-Zn^2+  5.2	8.7
ZnO	4.70		10.0