Chelated Nitrogen-Sulphur-Codoped TiO₂: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanistic, and UV/Visible Photocatalytic Studies

Table 1

Crystallite size, phase fractional compositions (values shown in parentheses), anatase phase lattice parameters, and band gap values of control and carboxylic acid modified NS-codoped (NS)_x-T_FA and (NS)_x-T_AA (where , 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1) TiO₂ powders calcined at 700°C.

Photocatalyst powder	Anatase crystallite size (nm)	Rutile crystallite size (nm)	Anatase lattice parameters (Å)		Band gap (eV)
			a = b	c
Tcontrol	35.0 (0.01)	55.7 (0.99)	3.79	9.48	3.02
TFA	31.0 (0.11)	55.4 (0.89)	3.79	9.53	3.04
NS0.02-TFA	39.4 (0.47)	55.4 (0.51)	3.79	9.52	3.06
NS0.04-TFA	34.2 (0.91)	55.4 (0.09)	3.78	9.59	2.92
NS0.06-TFA	31.4 (0.93)	46.2 (0.07)	3.79	9.61	2.75
NS0.08-TFA	28.6 (0.96)	46.2 (0.04)	3.78	9.67	2.60
NS0.1-TFA	24.0 (1.00)		3.79	9.69	2.52
TAA	40.0 (1.00)		3.78	9.49	3.15
NS0.02-TAA	45.4 (1.00)		3.78	9.48	3.10
NS0.04-TAA	45.6 (1.00)		3.79	9.51	3.00
NS0.06-TAA	45.2 (1.00)		3.78	9.49	2.89
NS0.08-TAA	45.4 (1.00)		3.78	9.54	2.76
NS0.1-TAA	44.7 (1.00)		3.79	9.56	2.70