Recent Overview of Solar Photocatalysis and Solar Photo-Fenton Processes for Wastewater Treatment

Table 6

Solar photocatalysis using nitrogen-doped TiO₂, carbon-doped TiO₂, polypyrrole TiO₂ nanocomposites, and a mix of TiO₂ with persulfate ions.

Contaminant (concentration interval)		Experimental conditions		Reactor		Best degradation conditions		Reference
Name	Initial concentration	Catalyst (pH)	Initial concentration	Type of reactor	Total volume	Percentage	Time
Cefazolin	Concentration of 1.0 × 10^−2 mol L^−1	N-doped TiO2 (6.4)	2.0 g L^−1	Batch-type photoreactor	600 mL	80% of cefazolin removed	30 min	[211]
Azo dye orange G	25 mg L^−1	Nitrogen-doped TiO2 (2.0)	1.0 g L^−1	Glass beaker	1000 mL	Efficiency of degradation greater than 95%	40 min	[212]
Methylene blue	20 mg L^−1	Carbon-doped TiO2 nanoparticles (neutral pH)	1.0 g L^−1	Batch-type photoreactor	200 mL of 10 mg/L methylene blue	Greater than 0.1 Ct/Co	60 min	[175]
Acid orange 7 in the concentration	0.2 mM L^−1	Combination of TiO2 with potassium persulphate (3.0)	TiO2 (200 mg L^−1) and 10 mM L^−1of potassium persulphate	Photochemical reactor with recirculation	300 mL	90% of color removal COD removal depended on the persulfate ion concentration	120 min	[13]
Methyl orange	10 mg L^−1	Polypyrrole-TiO2 nanocomposites (no pH adjustment)	0.45 g L^−1 polypyrrole-TiO2 nanocomposites suspended	Glass beaker	450 mL	~90% initial concentration removal	160 min	[213]
4-Chlorophenol	20 mg L^−1	Titania Degussa P-25 and activated carbon (no pH adjustment)	0.2 g L^−1	Two CPC modules in connected in series	247 L	~100% initial concentration removal	At 2000 min W m^−2	[176]