Research Article
Performance Optimization of Unglazed Nanofluid Photovoltaic/Thermal System: Energy and Exergy Analyses
| | PV module | Length and width | 1.62 m and 0.98 m | | Absorptivity () | 0.9 | | Emissivity () | 0.88 | | Specific heat () | 900 J/kg·K | | Packing factor | 0.8 | | Temperature coefficient () | 0.0045/°C | | Reference PV efficiency (%) | 17.3 |
| | Copper tube | Inner diameter () | 0.008 m | | Thickness () | 0.0012 m | | Specific heat () | 903 J/kg·K | | Density () | 2702 kg/m3 | | Number of tubes | 9 | | Tube spacing | 0.11 m |
| | Absorber plate | Density () | 2702 kg/m3 | | Emissivity () | 0.87 | | Thermal conductivity () | 310 W/m·K | | Thickness () | 0–1 mm |
| | Insulation | Density () | 20 kg/m3 | | Specific heat () | 670 J/kg·K | | Thermal conductivity () | 0.034 W/m·K |
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