C-, N-, S-, and F-Doped Anatase TiO₂ (101) with Oxygen Vacancies: Photocatalysts Active in the Visible Region

Table 2

Formation energy for anatase TiO₂ doped with the main group elements. Results obtained with the GGAU scheme.

Dopant	Formation energy (eV)
	Bulk	Surface
C	3.52	3.30
N	3.36	1.98
F	1.85	2.45
S	5.81	3.01