Optimum Array Spacing in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems considering Technical and Economic Factors

Table 4

Comparison between the proposed method, the standard winter solstice rule, and the method of Novas-Castellano et al. [6] for the calculation of the free distance between rows of PV modules ().

Method	(m)	Occupied land area (m^2)	Annual energy yield (kWh/kWp)	Objective function (kWh/USD)
This study	1.432	799.4	1690	1.2764
Winter solstice rule	1.533	812.7	1692	1.2761
Method of Novas-Castellano et al. [6]	1.825	851.0	1695	1.2737