An Improved Empirical Model for Estimation of Temperature Effect on Performance of Photovoltaic Modules

Table 8

Mean absolute error (MAE) of each PV module in winter.

S. no.	Name of model	Mean absolute error (MAE) (°C)
		(p-Si)	(m-Si)	(a-Si)	Thin film
(1)	Proposed model	0.782	0.636	0.721	0.666
(2)	Rahman et al. [39]	11.165	9.884	11.069	9.813
(3)	Muzathik [38]	9.636	8.426	9.701	8.413
(4)	Skoplaki et al. [2]	6.512	5.302	6.576	5.289
(5)	Duffie and Beckman [42]	6.047	4.838	6.112	4.825
(6)	Risser and Fuentes [43]	3.407	4.616	3.987	4.685
(7)	Almaktar et al. [40]	6.322	7.532	6.543	7.544